Taiwanese Song of Taiwan's Sunflower Movement

Book of Prayers and Teachings in Favorlang with English, Dutch and Mandarin glosses

Favorlang Translation of the Lord's Prayer

Ai-ach'o ma-acháchimit ja torro Jesus Christus

(Prayer of our Lord Jesus Christ)

Namoa tamau tamasea paga de boesum,

(Our Father who is in Heaven)

Ipá-dass-a joa naan.

(Hallowed be your name.)

Ipá-saij-a joa chachimit o ai.

(Let your kingdom come.)

Ipá-i-jorr'o oa airab maibas de boesum masini de ta channumma. 

(Let your will as in heaven on earth also.)

Epé-e namo-no piadai torro uppo ma-atsikap.

(Give us today our bread sufficient for today,)

So-o abo-e namo tataap o kakossi namoa, maibas channumma namo mabo tamasea parapies i namo.

(and forgive us our deeds of trespass as also we forgive those who do evil to us.)

Hai pá-sabas i namo, so-o barras'i namo innai rappies ai.

(Do not lead us into temptation and deliver us from the Evil One.)

Inau joa micho chachimit o ai, so-o barr'o ai so-o adas ai, taulaulan.  Amen.

(For yours is as it should be the kingdom and the power and the praise forever, Amen!)

Heidelberg Catechism and Book of Matthew in Siraya with English, Dutch and Mandarin glosses

Heidelberg Catechism Siraya Translation

Naunamou ki Tateitaligh   (First Question)

Kamang ta paka-sat paka-msing, paka-haniap ymhou-an tou kaeuag-han tou kidi ki kapatei-en?

(What is your only comfort in life and death?)

Pattae'i-vli-an (Answer)

Ka saousâl-koh ki voual ki vâtti, tou kaeu'ag-han, tou kidi ki kapatei-an, assi a-jâu, râ a-tou Meirang ki Tama-Pakariang-appa-mau ka ti Jesus Christus : ka alei tyni-aen kading-in-koh kma-riang mama ki âhteni, na ymmid ki mamang ka (mavitih) ma'te'-ato.

(That I am not my own, but belong -- body and soul, in life and death -- to my Lord, my Savior Jesus Christ.  Because of him I am protected and saved from all evil, I am looked after as his own possession.)

Shoddy Governance

A recent Facebook post:


ū chi̍t-pái chē-kong-chhia ê sî-chūn, góa khòaⁿ-tio̍h chit－tiuⁿ tah-chóa, khòaⁿ-liáu liáu-āu góa kám-kak chin sim-sek, in-ūi 導盲犬 sī choan-bûn sa-bí-suh chhiⁿ-mî--ê hiong-chhin, kì-jiân sī chhiⁿ-m, tio̍h-sī khòaⁿ-bē-tio̍h, tah chit－tiuⁿ chóa mā-sī chin giâ-kê, jî-chhiáⁿ Eng-bûn hoan-e̍k mā-sī chin kî-kòai, m̄-chai-iáⁿ che beh hō͘ siáⁿ-lâng khòaⁿ...chèng-hú chò-tāi-chì ūi-siáⁿ-mi̍h chiah-ní-á lî-lî-lak-lak?


有一擺坐公車 ê 時陣, 我看著這張貼紙, 看了了後我感覺真心適, 因為導盲犬是專門sa-bí-suh 青盲ê 鄉親, 既然是青盲, 著是看bē著, 貼這張紙mā是真giâ枷, 而且英文翻譯mā-是真奇怪,m̄知影這欲hō͘啥人看​ ...政府做代誌為啥物即呢仔哩哩落落?

There was a note I saw on the bus, it grabbed my attention immediately. The guide-dog was specialized to serve those who are visually disabled, since they cannot see, it’s pointless to bring owls to Athens, the English translating was weird, too; I wondered if anyone understood what it is...Why the government is so careless about the little tiny detail?

- Marcie Lee

White Purple

塔山 hohcubu
Words / Music: White Purple 詞／曲：白紫‧迪雅奇安娜
Song: White Purple ‧ 演唱：白紫‧迪雅奇安娜

lasi `aoka aut` uca `e nsou ta cou,` upena homo hie ho feungna
tela evaha tamo yucngicngihi ci cou na ehohangva ne noana `o
o `amo ahtu tosvo yobobai` emo umnu ho pak `i ci hicu
micu amzo o `te buhsansano` e mcoo tamo yoifo (`ananasi` anane)
o `u cecei` omo `uteu ci yatatiskova,
o `aisi h` unano suv `ohi` e isi yoni nola einva ta yatatiskova ci hohcubu
esmomza, meovza, civic, `eongu
mi `o nov` onu ta hpuhpungu? (`ananasi` anane)

`E fihngau ta mayoyo` hunge ta fuengu tesinana pelui poa osusuhcu `e nsou?
`E tomohngu ta pepe tesinana pelui fii no tonu ho poa aot` ou `e` apangu?

nenusino panto tesic `o noc` uhi ta hpuhpungu
homio, te `oc` o maic `a hohcubu,
busngucu yac `u sica


【歌詞中譯】
日夜守護著鄒族之魂，代代傳頌著古老神話
善惡靈之爭仍未歇息 ，而巫師的雙眼卻已朽去 (確實如此)

我夢見身經百戰的勇士，怎麼也征服不了山的尊嚴
東西南北的領域，我現置身何方？ (確實如此)

山谷的迴響是否給于生命足夠的鼓舞？
藍天白雲是否給于航行足夠的力量？

世間所有終會劃下休止符，到那時，
我願像這座塔山，驕傲地挺起胸膛


[Translated lyrics]
Tsou guarded day and night of the soul, the ancient myth of generations lips
Battle between good and evil spirits to rest yet, and already rotten to the shaman's eyes (true)

I dream of battle-hardened warriors, how can conquer the mountain dignity
East and West areas, where exposure I now? (True)

Valley of the response is encouraging enough to in life?
Blue sky is enough to power on the sail?

All the world will eventually draw the rest, then,
I would like this Tashan, is proud to stand tall

==============================
Pure track
Words / Music: White Purple ‧迪雅奇安娜Concert: White Purple ‧迪雅奇安娜

純真的音軌
詞／曲：白紫‧迪雅奇安娜
演唱：白紫‧迪雅奇安娜

ina maku o e o, o oe ao………….
pasunaenva `e ito na`na umnua ci pasunaeno
mito nouteuyunu tamo maica hia `aveoveoyu ci hie tan`e
amo, ino , ta`upa `o ma`oa`oahngu

ina maku o e o, o oe ao……….
o`alato msapiei ho toa beahci ta evi ho eya yongo
lato maezo hoseoyu ,toatoalungu ho mayasvi ta hosa

mafufuengu ,c`oeha , `e`evi
ina maku o e o, o oe ao…….

teav`as`a ta`payo`a na enivo , zou oko ta hpuhpungu na su
teav`as`a ta`payo`a na enivo , enivo…………

ina maku o e o, o oe ao………

【歌詞中譯】
伊那瑪古 喔ㄟ喔……….
唱著我們最喜愛的歌曲
此時此刻，我們相聚在這個充滿感恩的地方
父親母親，也包括其他親友們

伊那瑪古 喔ㄟ喔…………….
我們赤著雙腳，採野果，捉螃蟹
打獵、釣魚、也在大社舉行迎神祭典

群山，溪流，樹林啊！
伊那瑪古 喔ㄟ喔…………..

千萬別忘了這件事情，你們是大地撫育的兒女
千萬別忘了這件事情喔………
伊那瑪古 喔ㄟ喔…………

Translated lyrics]
Ina mag ㄟ Oh ... Oh ... ....
Singing our favorite songs
At this moment, we gather in this place is full of gratitude
Father, mother, other relatives and friends also

Ina mag Oh ㄟ Oh ... ... ... ... ....
Our bare feet, picking berries, catching crabs
Hunting, fishing, also held a large community of temple rituals

Mountains, streams, woods ah!
Ina mag Oh ㄟ Oh ... ... ... ... ..

Do not forget these things, you are bringing up the children of the earth
Do not forget this thing Oh ... ... ...
Ina mag Oh ㄟ Oh

Remedies?

Excerpts from blogger Dan's comments:

I am worried. I live in South Taiwan. ... But most of the daily speakers are people over the age of 40, and more like around age 50. Below this age, the popularity of speaking Taiwanese drops off precipitously.

The kids at elementary school, i sometimes visit the Taiwanese one hour a week classes with my friend Teacher Hung, the kids for the most part speak Chinese 24/7.......maybe just 10 percent of the kids age 5 - 15 can speak Taiwanese now although more can HEAR IT when their parents or grandparents speak it. However, from my viewpoint on the ground as a non-PHD, i see a dyying language, like Yiddish was for the Jews of Europe who immigrated to America in the 1920s....their grandkids cannot speak Yiddish anymore and almost nobody writes or reads Yiddish in the USA anymore or Europe. It is a dead language.

I worry this will happen to Taiwanese too..... only academics and PHDS will continue to write in hoklo and read it.....BUT Hoklo will live on as a popular langauge on TV shows and in daily life, but it will lost ALOT with each generation and by the year 2100, i worry that Taiwanese will also be a dead language. with just a few choice words used in daily like like BUSASA and AMAH and AKONG and ABEI and AUTOBAI and ASAN and JABA BUREAI and JABA and maybe just 100 words. I just worry. I hope i am wrong.

posted by Mr Biko Lang and thanks, LO LAT

======================================
Aì Tâi-oân said...
Here are some practical suggestions that can all play a part:

Begin studying and using the language: suggestion: Maryknoll Language Institute

http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2009/07/finding-that-is-better-to-speak-more.html

Start posting updates on facebook, or other social media that have Taiwanese:
http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2010/09/posts-from-facebook-that-show-taiwanese.html

Other suggestions:

-------------------------
http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2009/04/ethnic-equality-can-only-come-through.html

http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2009/03/remedying-ignorance-taiwans-ecological.html

http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2009/02/international-mother-tongue-day.html

http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2008/11/high-and-rich-culture-in-non-mandarin.html

http://taiwan-id.blogspot.com/2008/07/dismissed-as-dialects.html

Hoklo Shakespeare

William Shakespeare - Sonnet #18

Shall I compare thee to a Summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And Summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And oft' is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:
But thy eternal Summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.



Kám thang kā Lí pi-chòe Joa̍h-thiⁿ 1 ji̍t?
Lí khah khó-ài koh khah un-sûn:
Sio-hong iô-ló͘ Gō͘--ge̍h kó͘-chui ê iù íⁿ,
Só͘-ū Joa̍h-thiⁿ ê hó ji̍t-chí lâi iok-hōe koh siuⁿ té:
Ū-sî koh siuⁿ khok-iām, Àn thiⁿ--lih sut ê ba̍k-bé,
Jî-chhiáⁿ éng-éng kim-n̂g kiù-kat chham-lām àm-tām;
Koh nā ta̍k-pái àn hó-ji̍t kàu hó-ji̍t ū-sî iā ē thiu-thè,
Ngó͘-jiân iah-sī Chū-jiân bô ka-kè ê piàn-oāⁿ khám-chām
M̄-kú, Lí éng-oán ê Joa̍h-thiⁿ éng-bōe siau-thè
Iā-bōe sńg-sit Lí la̍k-tiâu-leh-ê khiàm--lâng ê hó-ji̍t;
Iā-bōe phòng-hong Lí tī Sí-sîn ìm-iáⁿ--lih sí-kè-se̍h
Tī éng-oán ê kài-sòaⁿ --lih Lí tōa-hàn--khí-lâi:

Chí-iàu lâng iah-ē chhóan-khùi, ba̍k-chiu iah-ē khòaⁿ,
Chí-iàu iah-ē tùi che sio-jia̍t, Che tio̍h ē hō͘ li sìⁿ-miā.


Src: http://jukhai.blogspot.com/

Kayta Kayta Kureayawa "Let's Take a Walk" - Puyuma language

Kayta kayta sampo eba a an kemayu yi aDi ta
semangale amaw inabab isuwa eba
kayta mulauDa inaba tu senanaw t Da kabulanan
ayway pauwa eba a matatika ta nirangeran

Kayta kayta puwarikana ba a an kemayu yi aDi ta
semangale amaw inaba isuwa eba
kayta muDayaya inaba tu baLiyaw ta Da kaba 'ayan
aywa pauwa eba a matatika ta nirangeran

Kayta kayta muwaDangiya ba an kemayu yi aDi ta
semangale amaw inaba isuwa eba
kayta mutimula inaba ta sadeku Da ka 'aebingan
aywa pauwa eba a matatika ta nirangeran

Kayta kayta kureayawa ba a an kemayu yi aDi ta
semangale amaw inabab isuwa eba
kayta muamiya inaba ta muyisaT Da katamina 'an
ayway pauwa eba a matatika ta nirangeran


Lu Sen-bao 1951 (performed by Samingad on the album Wild Fire, Spring Wind, published in 2001 by Magic Stone Records

Translation:

1. Let's take a walk! I'm so glad you suggested that. Where shall we go? Let's go to the East, where the moon can shine on us. We came up with the same idea!

2. Let's go let the cows out to graze! I'm glad you said that. Where shall we go? Let's go to the West, toward the cool shade of the trees. We came up with the same idea!

3. Let's go for a stroll! I'm glad you suggested that. Where shall we go? Let's go to the North, where we can take a boat ride. We came up with the same idea!


* capital letters in the puyuma romanization express distinct sounds.

More Facebook status update posts in Taiwanese:

Saⁿ-ê hong-thai chò-hóe lâi, góa kā sok-si̍t-mī kā be̍h-á-chiú chhôan-piān-piān
三個風颱做伙來, 我把速食麵跟麥仔酒僎便便

Since 3 typhoons will come at once, i got the instant noodles and beer ready :)



--- Marcie Lee, Taipei, TAIWAN

Investigating Tayal Resources

"En̂-têu Kîm-ngit Lòi So-mu" -- Liau Tet-thiâm [客家話]

1.
En̂-têu kîm-ngit lòi so-mu,
Chhong-kô chan-mî kám-chhia Chú;
Su-kiên van-vu̍t Sùn chhóng-chho,
Ya kiung ên-têu li̍t-thoi chú.

2.
En̂-têu kîm-ngit lòi so-mu,
Hia̍p-li̍t kot-chhó fe̍t chhán-thú;
Sùn-sîm sùn-yi lòi ki-ngiam,
Yàng-ko sâm-sên lâu mìn-khu.

3.
Kîm-ngit lòi-to fùn-mu chhièn,
Thai-kâ yím-súi oi sû-ngièn;
Hau-kin fu-mû he Chú-hiun,
Kin-pai Thiên Fu yin vì-siên.

4.
Kîm-ngit lòi-to fùn-mu chhièn,
Chhiòn-kâ súm-chúng yu tûi-yén;
Li̍p-sûn hàng-tho yùng-yeu Sùn,
Chho-fuk ngìn-khiùn kien lo̍k-yèn.

---
English:

As we come to sweep the grave, we meet God with thanks and praise.
He who does all things renew, did make our ancestors, too.

As we come to sweep the tomb, cut the grass and turn the earth,
thankfully here we recall, our ancestors in God's hall.

Meeting here before the tomb, this is not a time of gloom.
Parents taught us of the Lord, steeped us in God's holy word.

In the grave-yard where we stand, as a fam'ly hand in hand,
glory give to God above, who receives us all in love.

Words: Liau Tet-thiâm 1999 (Taiwan) ; English translation: David B. Alexander 2004
Music: Lìm Li-ngiu̍k 1986 (Taiwan)

Ma-li ma-li ti Yi-su sa-ma 排灣歌

2 Paiwan Dialects?:

Ma-li ma-li ti Yi-su sa-ma, ma-li ma-li ti Yi-su sa-ma,
sa te ka na ma te-ve te vel, sa te ka na ma te-ve te vel.
Hai ya na i yu in hai ya na i yu in i ya u hai yan.

vs.

Mali mali di Eh-su shama, mali mali di Eh-su shama
Shada gana ma damun damun, shada gana ma damun damun.
Haiyo ee-yo-een, haiyo ee-yo-een, ee-ya-oh haiyang.

---

1.
Ma-li ma-li ti Yi-su sa-ma, ma-li ma-li ti Yi-su sa-ma,
sa te ka na ma te-ve te vel, sa te ka na ma te-ve te vel.

Refrain: Hai ya na i yu in hai ya na i yu in i ya u hai yan.

2.
Ka le va itai Yisu sama, ka le va itai Yisu sama,
Ki te na na ma pase qe ling, ki te na na ma pase qe ling.

3.
Ze nge ri ta i Yisu sama, ze nge ri ta i Yisu sama
A na ki li vak ta nu i ten, a na ki li vak ta nu i ten.

4.
Li gu i ta i Yisu sama, li gu i ta i Yisu sama,
Ma va na ta ka ki qe li ngan, ma va na ta ka ki qe3 li ngan.

(song based on Psalm 105:14, Psalm 121)
English:
1. Thanks and praises to the Lord Jesus Christ...let all peoples bow before the Lord
2. Joyfully approach the King of kings ... he it is who gives us everything
3. Hearts and voices lift to praise the Lord... all who hope in his salvation
4. Glorify the name of Chirst our Lord... he alone can give eternal life.

Taiwanese:

1
Kám-siā o-ló Chú Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok
Bān-cho̍k bān-bîn it-chê kèng-pài i

感謝謳咾主耶穌基督
萬族萬民一齊敬拜祂

ㄧ齊 = 做伙 chò-hóe


====================
Note: l = lj ; t = tj

Ma-lji ma-lji ti Yi-su sa-ma, ma-lji ma-lji ti Yi-su sa-ma,
sa tje ka na ma te-ve te velj, sa tje ka na ma te-ve te velj.
Hai ya na i yu in hai ya na i yu in i ya u hai yan.

世界語言權宣言 Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights

This from --- Hui-hông:

附件三：1996年《世界語言權宣言》(Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights)摘錄

全文請參閱施正鋒編2002《語言權利法典》台北：前衛出版社。


Article 31第三十一條Tē Sann-tsa̍p-it Tiâu


All language communities have the right to preserve and use their own system of proper names in all spheres and on all occasions.

所有語言社群均有權在所有範疇與所有場合中保存並使用其合宜的姓名系統。

Sóo-ū ê gú-giân siā-kûn lóng ū khuân-lī tī sóo-ū ê huān-uî kap tiûnn-sóo tiong pó-tsûn pĪng-tshiánn sú-iōng in ha̍p-gî ê miâ-sènn hē-thóng. 



Article 32第三十二條Tē Saⁿ-tsa̍p-jī Tiâu


1. All language communities have the right to use place names in the language specific to the territory, both orally and in writing, in the private, public and official spheres. 

2. All language communities have the right to establish, preserve and revise autochthonous place names. Such place names cannot be arbitrarily abolished, distorted or adapted, nor can they be replaced if changes in the political situation, or changes of any other type, occur. 


第一項
所有語言社群均有權以其區域專屬語言使用地名，無論是在口語或書寫上、在私下、公開或是官方場所。

第二項
所有語言社群均有權建立、保存、及修改其原始地名。這些地名不得被武斷地廢除、扭曲或改寫，亦不得因為政治或其他情況之改變而遭到替換。

Tē-1-hāng 
Sóo-ū ê gú-giân siā-kûn lóng ū khuân-lī iōng in khu-hi̍k tsuan-sio̍k gí-giân sú-iōng tē-miâ, bô-lūn sī kháu-gí ia̍h-sī su-siá, tī su-té-hā, kong-khai ia̍h-sī kuann-hong ê tiûnn-sóo. 



Tē-2-hāng 
Sóo-ū ê gú-giân siā-kûn lóng ū khuân-lī kiàn-li̍p, pó-tsûn, kap siu-kái in ka-tī ê guân-sú tē-miâ. Tsia ê tē-miâ bē-sái iōng bú-tuān ê hong-sik huì-tî, niú-khiok, sīm-tsì kái-siá, mā bē-sái in-uī tsÌng-tī ia̍h-sī kî-tha tsōng-hóng ê kái-piàn tso-siū tio̍h thè-uānn. 



Article 33第三十三條Tē Sann-tsa̍p-sann Tiâu


All language communities have the right to refer to themselves by the name used in their own language. Any translation into other languages must avoid ambiguous or pejorative denominations. 
 


所有語言社群均有權以自己的語言稱呼自己。任何姓名的翻譯必須避免發生模糊或輕蔑的情況。


Sóo-ū ê gí-giân siā-kûn lóng ū khuân-lī iōng in ka-tī ê gí-giân tshing-hoo ka-kī. Jīm-hô miâ-sènn ê huan-i̍k pit-su pī-bián huat-sing iōng-jī hâm-hôo ia̍h-sī khin-bia̍t ê tsōng-hóng.


Article 34第三十四條Tē Sann-tsa̍p-sì Tiâu


Everyone has the right to the use of his/her own name in his/her own language in all spheres, as well as the right, only when necessary, to the most accurate possible phonetic transcription of his/her name in another writing system. 


人人均有權以其語言在所有場合中使用自己的姓名，同時亦有權，在必要的情況下，以最接近其姓名發音的方式將其轉化為文字。 


Lâng-lâng ū khuân-lī iōng in ka-kī ê gí-giân tī sóo-ū ê tiûnn-ha̍p sú-iōng ka-kī ê miâ-sènn. Kāng-khuán lâng lâng mā ū khuân-lī tī pit-iàu ê tsōng-hóng ê sî-tsūn, iōng tsuè tsiap-kīn in miâ-sènn huat-im ê hong-sik kā tsuán-tsò bûn-jī.



附件四：1948年聯合國《世界人權宣言》摘錄


第二條
人人有資格享受本宣言所載的一切權利和自由，不分種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或社會出身、財產、出生或其他身分等任何區別。並且不得因一人所屬的國家或領土的政治的、行政的或者國際的地位之不同而有所區別，無論該領土是獨立領土、托管領土、非自治領土或者處於其他任何主權受限制的情況之下。

第七條
法律之前人人平等，並有權享受法律的平等保護，不受任何歧視。人人有權享受平等保護，以免受違反本宣言的任何歧視行為以及煽動這種歧視的任何行為之害。

Ke-aū

Chok-sû-chok-khiok: 鄭進一
????
Ū chi̍t ji̍t, lán nā lāu
Chōe bô lâng kā lán iú-hāu
Góa ē poe lí chē tiam i-liau
Thiàⁿ lí kóng siàu-liân ê-sî-chūn
Lí ū gōa gâu...

Chia̍h hó chia̍h bái bô he? tau?
Goān? thiⁿ goān? tē ?? ?? ??...
--------------------
Behind You

One day, when we get old,
when we can't find people to take care of us,
I'll sit next to you on the bench,
listen to your endeavors from your younger days.
It doesn't matter whether we have fancy meals,
neither do we know to blame luck or people.
Your hand, I'll hold it tight,
because I am always behind you.

I spent the best time of my life, married to you in a family.
I followed you from young to old.
Life's stories, I have seem them all,
who else is more important than you?
I dedicated my life to a family,
only to find out that happiness comes with its ups and downs.
When the time of departure comes,
I'd let you go first...
because I cannot hold the thought that...
I'd leave you in tears for me.

One day, when we get old,
and our children are there for us,
if you get bored, let us go over our picture albums,
and check out how handsome you were at our wedding.
It doesn't matter whether we have fancy clothes,
neither do we know to blame anything.
Your heart, I'll always keep it on my mind,
because I am always behind you.

I spent the best time of my life, married to you in a family.
I followed you from young to old.
Life's stories, I have seen them all,
who else is more important than you?
I dedicated my life to a family,
only to find out that happiness comes with its ups and downs.
When the time of departure comes,
You should let me go first...
because I cannot hold the thought that...
I'd see you in tears for me.

Translated by tadpolenese.com

Jîn-seng Chòe Iàu-kín ê Bo̍k-te̍k - J.R.R. Tolkien

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
【Tâi-gí -- translated by 鄭兒玉】

Jîn-seng Chòe Iàu-kín ê Bo̍k-te̍k

Tùi lán múi chi̍t-lâng kiám-chhái ōe-tit-thang kóng, lán ta̍k-lâng sìⁿ-mia tiong chòe iàu-kín ê bo̍k-te̍k, chiū-sī ēng lán só͘-ū lóng-chóng ê châi-lêng kap tì-sek, lâi koh khah jīn-bat siong-sìn Siōng-tè; ia̍h siōng-chhiáⁿ siū kám-tōng lâi o-ló kám-siā I.

Prof. J.R.R. Tolkien, 1969 -- Gû-tin-Tāi-ha̍k Anglo-Saxon Bûn-ha̍k-hē (Eng-tē ê le̍k-sú gí-giân-ha̍k-ka) ê Kàu-siū
kap Chhiú-chí Ông (Mô͘-kài) ê Chok-ka


* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
【華語 -- translated by Melody Chen】

生命最重要的目的

"我們可以說，對每個人而言，生命最重要的目的，就是盡己所能，用我們擁有的一切，來更加認識上帝，並且因為更認識祂而深受感動，發出讚美和感謝。"

- 托爾金教授（"魔戒"的作者及牛津大學英國文學教授）寫於1969年

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Our Chief Purpose in Life

"So it may be said that the chief purpose in life, for any one of us, is to increase according to our capacity our knowledge of God by all the means we have, and to be moved by it to praise and thanks."

-- Prof. J.R.R. Tolkien, 1969 -- Oxford University Professor of Anglo-Saxon Literature & Author of the Lord of the Rings 魔戒

Tâi-oân Kok-Koa: Tâi-ôan Chhùi-chhiⁿ

" Tâi-ôan Chhùi-chhiⁿ " - Tâi-oân ê Kok-Koa
(lyrics by Tīⁿ Jyi-giokk 鄭兒玉 1993;
music by Siau, Thài-jiân 蕭泰然 1993)
"Taiwan the Formosa" [Verdant Taiwan]
-- Taiwan's (unofficial) National Anthem

Thài-pêng-iûⁿ se-lâm hái-piⁿ,
Bí-lē-tó Tâi-oân chhùi-chhiⁿ.
Chá-chêng hō͘ gūa-pang thóng-tī,
Kiàn-kok taⁿ teh chhut-thâu-thiⁿ.
Kiōng-hô-kok hiàn-hoat ê ki-chhó͘,
Sù cho̍k kûn pêng-téng saⁿ hia̍p-chō͘.
Jîn-lūi bûn-hòa sè-kài hô-pêng,
Kok-bîn hiòng-chêng kòng-hiàn châi-lêng.

太平洋西南海邊， 美麗島台灣翠青，
早前受外邦統治， 建國今teh出頭天 (alternate: 獨立今teh出頭天)。
共和國憲法基礎， 四族群平等相協助，
人類文化世界和平， 國民向前貢獻才能。

[MP3]

2
Chòe gôan-thâu Siōng-tè chhòng-chō,
Bí-lē-tó Tâi-wân chòe hó
Siúnn-sù hōu chóu-sian khiā-khí.,
Kiàn-kok tann Siōng-Chú liap-lí.
Chú Ki-tok kok-ka ê kun-ông,
Lí-sióng-pang bokk-phiau ê kià-bōng.
Lán beh kiàn-siat jîn-ài kong-gī,
Chóu-kok móa-tōe chhin-chhiūnn tī thinn.

最 源 頭 上 帝 創 造，
美 麗 島 台 灣 最 好。
賞 賜 給 祖 先 居 起，
建 國 今 上 主 攝 理。
主 基 督 國 家 的 君 王，
理 想 邦 目 標 的寄 望。
咱 要 建 設 仁 愛 公 義，
祖 國 滿 地 親 像 在 天。

Verdant Taiwan
English Translation and Versification - by Joel H. Linton, A.D. 2010


Verdant gem, amidst the azure sea
Our Taiwan, most beautiful and free
Dark ages past, outlanders ruled
Now we'll build a nation great and free
A constitutional republic found
Out of many, united, we are bound
As one poeple, marshaling our worth,
Onward in strength, forging peace throughout the earth

(As with Francis Scott Key's anthem that became the national anthem of the United States, the second verse of Verdant Taiwan is less commonly sung, and expresses the song-writer's faith in God.)

Verse 2
In the beginning, God created her,
Formosa, Taiwan our treasure
God granted our ancestors there to dwell
And build a nation by His sovereign will
To Jesus Christ o'er all the nations, King
We long to make a righteous offering
Of this great land that we've been given
By showing forth love and justice
As it is in heaven

Ha̍k-si̍p Tâi-gí Tha̍k Siá ê Kè-ta̍t

Ha̍k-si̍p Tâi-gí Tha̍k Siá ê Kè-ta̍t
學習台語讀寫的價值
-by- Ìn Chú-lia̍t (Joel H. Linton) -- May 22, 2007


Kin-á-ji̍t góa boeh kap lín hun-hióng ha̍k-si̍p Tâi-gí ê tha̍k siá ê kè-ta̍t. Ū-lâng kóng, " Ò͘, nā ē-hiaú iōng Tâi-gí kap A-kong, A-má, kóng-oē, án-ne tō-hó. M̄-bián ē-hiáu tha̍k koh siá Tâi-oân-oē."

Chioh mn̄g chi̍t-ê: lín siáⁿ-lâng sī Hō-ló-lâng? Kheh-lâng? Goân-chū-bîn? Iah siáⁿ-lâng sī tē jī tāi lâi-ê Tâi-oân-lâng? Góa sī tē it tāi lâi-ê. Chím-á, choân sè-kài, múi-chi̍t-ê gí-giân lóng tio̍h-aì tòng iōng jī siá--chhut-lâi. Lâng nā bē-hiáu kā i ê gí-giân iōng jī siá--chhut-lâi, án-ni aū-lâi ē-hiáu kóng ê lâng ē lú-lâi-lú chió.

Chia it-tēng ū lâng khòaⁿ-kòe chi̍t chhut tiān-iáⁿ kiò-chò 魔 戒 (The Lord of the Rings)? Ū khòaⁿ-kòe ê lâng, chhiaⁿ lín giâ chhiú. Kuí ê ū khòaⁿ-kòe hit pún chheh? Gû-tin-Tāi-ha̍k-ê kàu-siū --- i ê miâ kiò-chò J.R.R. Tolkien --- só͘-siá-ê hit pún 魔 戒 The Lord of the Rings. I sī Anglo-Saxon Bûn-ha̍k-hē ê kàu-siū. Anglo-saxon sī í-chêng goân-pún ê Eng-gí. Góa siūⁿ, nā J.R.R. Tolkien m̄-sī Eng-kok-lâng; i ê chó͘-kok nā-sī Tâi-oân, i it-tēng ē chò Tâi-oân-oē Bûn-ha̍k ê kàu-siū.

Eng-gí ê le̍k-sú kap Tâi-gí-ê chin chhin-chhiūⁿ. Tùi Kong-goân Lio̍k-Khòng-Khòng Nî kàu Kong-goân Chi̍t-chheng Nî, Eng-kok-lâng ū hoat-khí Eng-bûn ê bûn-ha̍k. Liáu-aū, It-Khòng-Lio̍k-Lio̍k Nî ê-sî, gōa-kok ê thóng-tī-chiá William the Conquerer lâi-kàu Eng-kok. Hit-ê thóng-tī-chiá, in kóng Hoat-kok-oē. Í-aū lú-lâi-lú bô lâng siūⁿ boeh iōng Eng-bûn siá-jī. Chit hāng tāi-chì hō͘ Eng-gí ū bô hó ê éng-hióng.

Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú mā ū hoat-seng--kòe kāng-khoán ê tāi-chì. It-Pat-Kiú-Ngó͘ Nî ê-sî, Ji̍t-Pún-lâng lâi. Thóng-tī Tâi-oân gō͘-cha̍p nî, in kiông-pek Tâi-oân ê ha̍k-hāu kan-na ē-tàng iōng Ji̍t-pún-oē . Aū-lâi, Tiong-Hôa-Bîn-Kok lâi, koh gō͘-cha̍p nî bián-kióng Tâi-oân-lâng tī ha̍k-hāu kan-na ē-tàng iōng Hôa-gí. In kìm-chí lâng iōng pún-thó͘-oē. Chit hāng tāi-chì m̄-nā kìm-chí Hō-ló-oē, Kheh-oē, kap múi chi̍t-cho̍k-ê goân-chū-bîn oē, mā hō͘ Tâi-oân ê gí-giân bûn-ha̍k kap bûn-hòa lú-lâi-lú jio̍k, lú-lâi-lú siau-sit-khì.

In-uī goân-pún ê Eng-kok bûn-hòa í-keng bô-khì, Eng-kok-ê hit-ê kàu-siū boeh hôe-ho̍k í-chêng ê Eng-kok bûn-hòa. Só͘-í i siá 魔 戒 The Lord of the Rings hit pún chheh.

Lí nā khòaⁿ-tio̍h hit chhut tiān-iáⁿ, lí ē-táng thiaⁿ Eowyn teh chiùⁿ koa.

(*)

Sui-jiân Tolkien ka-tī chō sin-ê gí-giân, m̄-ku lán tú-tú thiaⁿ-ê m̄-sī i chō-ê. Hit-ê gí-giân sī Anglo-Saxon. Lán khòaⁿ-tio̍h-ê sōng-lé, lâi-bin ū chin-chē Anglo-Saxon suí ê bûn-hòa. Chit-ê chiok suí ê bûn-hòa ū siau--sit-kòe. M̄-ku chòe-kīn koh khai-sí ū khòaⁿ-tio̍h.

Lán chia khó-lêng ū chi̍t-koá ê lâng tùi Tâi-gí ē ū kāng-khoán ê éng-hióng. Só͘-í nā ē-hiáu tha̍k koh siá Tâi-gí sī tùi lán aū-pái ū chin tōa-ê pang-chō͘, sī chin te̍k-pia̍t-ê.

Lín chai bô. Pún-lâi Tâi-gí sī chi̍t-ê ū bûn-ha̍k ê gí-giân. Chim-á sóa piàn-chò sī bô tha̍k chheh, bô chuí-chún ê lâng, teh kóng-ê oē. Ū-iáⁿ thiⁿ chha tī tē. Chha chin-chē.

Lán nā ū o̍h Tâi-gí àn-chóaⁿ siá, àn-chóaⁿ tha̍k, lán tō chai-iáⁿ hit jī sī àn-chóaⁿ lâi-ê, sī àn-chóaⁿ cho͘-sêng-ê.

Tang-A le̍k-sú kap Aū-chiu-ê chin chhin-chhiūⁿ. Nn̄g chheng nî-chêng, Lô-má tè-kok hō͘ La-teng-bûn tī Aū-chiu thôan-khoah (hoân-si̍t, seⁿ-thòaⁿ). Aū-lâi, La-teng-bûn hoat-tián piàn-chò chi̍t-kóa bô kāng-khoán ê gí-giân. Chhin-chhiūⁿ: Ì-tāi-lī-oē, Hoat-kok-oē, Se-pan-gâ-oē. M̄-ku kàu It-Chhit-Khòng-Khòng Nî, lâng liân kóng pa̍t-ê gí-giân iā iáu iōng La-teng-bûn siá-jī. Sui-jiân Eng-gí m̄-sī tùi La-teng-bûn lâi-ê gí-giân, m̄-ku mā ū chin-chē jī sī tùi La-teng-bûn lâi-ê.

Sio̍k Tang A-chiu Hàn-jîn-ê Tè-kok mā ū kāng-khóan ê éng-hióng. Tī Tang A-chiu, bûn-giân-bûn hoat-tián piàn-chò chi̍t-kóa bô kāng-khoán ê gí-giân. Phì-jū-kóng: Kńg-tang-oē, Kheh-oē, kap Bân-lâm-oē. M̄-ku, tōa-pō͘-hūn ē-tàng kā jī siá--chhut-lâi-ê lóng sī bûn-giân-jī. Pa̍t-ê gí-giân, chhin-chhiūⁿ Hân-kok-oē, mā ū iōng chin-chē bûn-giân-jī.

Góa sī tī Hân-kok chhut-sì--ê. Góa ē-hiáu kóng chi̍t-sut-á Hân-kok-oē. Chin chhú-pi, góa lâi Tâi-oân ê-sî, góa thiaⁿ-kòe chin-chē chin sêng Hân-kok-oē ê Tâi-oân-oē. Hân-kok-oē kap Tâi-oân-oē iáu ū bûn-giân goân-pún ê chú-im kap bó-im ê hoat-im. M̄-ku hôa-gí í-keng bô hit ê siaⁿ. Chim-á ê Tiong-bûn kap bûn-giân-bûn í-keng bô kāng-khoán--a. Hân-kok-oē kap Tâi-oân-oē iōng ê Hàn-jī sī guân-pún iōng ē Hàn-jī. Chim-á ê Tiong-bûn iōng-ê Hàn-jī chin-chē sī sin-chō-ê. Lán só͘ kóng-ê chiah-ê gí-giân sī Tâi-bûn siōng-kīn kó͘-bûn.

Lán nā iōng Tâi-gí tha̍k Tông-si, lán ē khah chheng-chhó thiaⁿ-tio̍h pêⁿ-im, tāng-im kap ūn ê kiàn-chō (kò͘-chō). Ū-sî-chun iōng Hôa-gí tha̍k, ūn ê kiàn͘-chō mā chheng-chhó, m̄-ku pêⁿ-im, tāng-im tō bô it-têng. In-ūi Hôa-gí ê im-tiāu (koân-kē-im) chī ū sì-im. Tâi-gí ê im-tiāu ū chhit-im. Nā bòeh tha̍k Hàn-jī, Tâi-gí ū nn̄g khoán ê hoat-im tō-sī jī-im kap pe̍h-oē-im. Lán nā ē-hiáu iōng Hàn-jī siá Tâi-gí, lán ē-táng chai khah-chē bûn-hòa ê suí.


Lô-má-jī : Lán chia ū kúi-ê lâng ē-hiáu siá Tâi-gí iōng ê pe̍h-oē-jī? Nā lán o̍h àn-chóaⁿ iōng pe̍h-oē-jī siá Tâi-gí ū chi̍t-kóa chin hó ê chú-tê.

1. Nā iōng Hàn-jī siá Tâi-gí, lán khòaⁿ--bē-chhut-lâi i ê gí-giân kiàn-chō (kò͘-chō). Nā iōng pe̍h-oē-jī lán ē-tàng chai-iáⁿ (chin chheng-chhó).

2. Lán ē-tàng bé Tâi-gí pe̍h-oē-jī ê chheh.

3. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Eng-gí, chin-chē Tâi-gí jī ū nn̄g-ê-siaⁿ ha̍p-chò chi̍t-ê siaⁿ kóng. Iōng Hàn-jī bô hoat-tō͘ siá hit hāng tāi-chì.

Phí-jú-kóng: hō͘-lâng = hông ; niā-niā = niâ ; sì-cha̍p = sia̍p

4. In-ūi ta̍k-ê í-keng si̍p-koàn iōng Hàn-jī siá Hôa-gí. Só͘-í lán khòaⁿ Hàn-jī kóng Tâi-gí ê-sî tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kóng m̄-tio̍h.

Phí-jú-kóng: tāi-ke vs. ta̍k-ê

Pe̍h-oē-jī ê hoat-im kap International Phonetic Alphabet chin sēng. Siá Tâi-gí iōng pe̍h-oē-jī ū chi̍t-ê ài kì-tit: Pe̍h-oē-jī ê hoat-im kap Eng-gí ê Lô-má-jī ê hoat-im bô kāng-khóan. Só͘-í, goá ū iōng ê sin-jī sī tùi J.R.R. Tolkien chō-ê sin-jī lâi-ê. Só͘-ū tùi Tolkien lâi-ê jī kan-na ū chi̍t-ê hoat-im niā-niā.

Chim-á, lín ū siūⁿ boeh chhòng-siàⁿ?

---

The Value of Learning to Read and Write in Taiwanese

Today I am going to talk about the importance of learning to read and write Taiwanese. People say, “Oh just speak Taiwanese with your Grandparents. There is no need to read and write Taiwanese.

Q: How many of you are Hoklo Taiwanese? How many from Hakka backgrounds? Aboriginal? 2nd Generation immigrants? I am a first generation arrival in Taiwan. These days, all over the world, no matter what background you are from or what language you speak, it is important to write it. If people cannot write their language, then afterwards, there will be fewer and fewer able to speak it.

Q: How many of you have seen the movie, “The Lord of the Rings”? How many of you have read the book?

The book was written by an Oxford University Professor. His name is J.R.R. Tolkien He was a professor of Anglo-Saxon Literature. Anglo-saxon is the original English language. I think that if J.R.R. Tolkien had been born in Taiwan, he would have become a professor of Taiwanese literature.

The English language has a similar history to Taiwanese. When people began to write down the language and develop a culture and literature, Foreigners came and conquered England. The new rulers spoke the French language. All English literature slowly stopped being written. It had a negative influence on the culture and changed the language. When English was used again by the rulers, it had changed.


The same kind of thing happened in Taiwan. Japanese came in 1895. They forced the Taiwanese to learn and use Japanese in schools for 50 years. Then the ChungHwaMinGuo (ROC) came and forced everyone to use Mandarin in schools for another 50 years. All the local languages: Taiwanese, Hakka, and Aboriginal languages were suppressed and forbidden in schools or in media. It took away the strength of Taiwanese language and literature.

Professor Tolkien was sad for the loss of Old English and wrote a story to restore Anglo Saxon culture and literature.
If you watch the movie, The Two Towers, you can see a funeral scene of Theodred where Eowyn sings a funeral durge. Although Tolkien invented languages, the one in the video is not His language. It is Anglo-saxon. That whole funeral illustrates Anglo-Saxon culture. It's beautiful. But that culture was lost and is only now being looked at again. Maybe some of you can have the same influence in Taiwan.

It is very important to learn to read and write Taiwanese. Did you know that Taiwanese is a very literary language? It is ironic that it is now the language spoken by farmers and people who did not study advanced degrees.

Knowing how to read and write Taiwanese will help you understand the history of language and culture.

East Asia's language history is very similar to Europe. Thousands of years ago, the Roman Empire spread the Latin Language across Europe. After that, Latin developed into different languages like Italian, French and Spanish. But even until 1700, people still wrote in Latin even if they spoke in a different language. Even other kinds languages like English got many words from Latin.


Like the Roman Empire in Europe, the Chinese Empire spread across East Asia. In East Asia, Classical Chinese developed into many distinct languages like Cantonese, Hakka, and Min-nan. But people still wrote mainly in classical Chinese. And also, many Classical Chinese words came into non-Chinese languages such as Korean.

I was born in Korea so I can speak a little Korean. When I came to Taiwan, I was very surprised to hear many words that sounded like Taiwanese. Korean and Taiwanese preserve consonant and vowel sounds from Classical Chinese. These sounds no longer are in Mandarin. Also, Korean's preserved Chinese Character Usage of the original classical Chinese. Taiwanese also did. Mandarin has changed.

If you read the Tang Dynasty Poems, you might sometimes the rhyming works better in Taiwanese than if you read in Mandarin. Also the tone sequence and structure matches Taiwanese better than Mandarin. Mandarin only has four tones. Taiwanese has seven. So Mandarin lost some. Taiwanese has two kinds of pronunciation of Chinese Characters- Literary and Regular. Also, if you know how to Write Taiwanese Chinese characters, you will find much cultural richness and beauty.

Romanization:

How many of you can write POJ? It is good if you can learn and use Taiwanese romanization.

1. Romanization shows inherent language structure in Taiwanese that cannot be seen reading characters. I am sure that there are many other structure relationships in the Taiwanese language and I hope your class will discover some.

2. Although the MOE has designed BoPoMoFo to use for Taiwanese, it is only to help pronounce characters and is not meant to be written by itself. Romanized Taiwanese is respected as independent of Characters.

3. Like English, the Taiwanese language has many contractions. Chinese Characters are not able to express this. Here are some examples: e.g. hō͘-lâng = hông niā-niā = niâ sì-cha̍p = sia̍p.
You could do a class project to compile all of the common contractions.

4. Using characters will often lead us to write Taiwanese incorrectly because we are used to Mandarin words. For example: tāi-ke vs. ta̍k-ê .

5. Romanization can help us compare regional accents. Chinese characters cannot help us compare accents. So Romanization helps cultural understanding and research. My mother and father-in-law are from I-Lan where people say " chia̍h-puiⁿ "... instead of " chia̍h-png." And " mûiⁿ " instead of " mn̂g."

6. You can type using romanization on the internet, etc. I have a website that shows how to make tone marks.

But there is one thing to remember with Romanization. It is like International Phonetic Alphabet instead of English usage.

If you know how to pronounce Taiwanese romanization, pronouncing English words is different. English does not have a consistent sound for each letter. Taiwanese romanization has a consistant sound for each letter. So I have developed a phonetic script based on J.R.R. Tolkien's script that expresses even more closely the relation between different sounds. Every sound matches exactly.

What about you?

-- you can restore the culture and languages of Taiwan

-- Begin to write in Taiwanese

-- class project --- submit articles to the Taiwanese wikipedia.

-- writing stories for Taiwan's cultures like Tolkien did for England.

========*========

*
sung by Miranda Otto (Éowyn)
lyrics in Anglo-Saxon (Old English)

The full song lyrics


Nú on théostrum licgeth Théodred se léofa, hæ´letha holdost.
ne sceal hearpan sweg wigend weccean;
ne winfæ´t gylden guma sceal healdan,
ne god hafoc geond sæ´l swingan,
ne se swifta mearh burhstede beatan.

Bealocwealm hafað fréone frecan forth onsended,
giedd sculon singan gléomenn sorgiende
on Meduselde thæt he ma no wære,
his dryhtne dyrest and maga deorost.


Now dear Théodred lies in darkness, most loyal of fighters.
The sound of the harp shall not wake the warrior;
nor shall the man hold a golden wine-cup,
nor good hawk swing through the hall,
nor the swift horse stamp in the courtyard.

An evil death has sent forth the noble warrior
A song shall sing sorrowing minstrels
in Meduseld that he is no more,
to his lord dearest and kinsmen most beloved.


=====================================
New French translation by Cyril:


La valeur de l’apprentissage de la lecture et de l’écriture du taïwanais

– Ìn Chú-lia̍t (Joel H. Linton) – le 22 Mai 2007

Ha̍k-si̍p Tâi-gí Tha̍k Siá ê Kè-ta̍t


Aujourd’hui je vais vous parler de l’importance d’apprendre à lire et à écrire le taïwanais.

Kin-á-ji̍t góa boeh kap lín hun-hióng ha̍k-si̍p Tâi-gí ê tha̍k siá ê kè-ta̍t.

Les gens disent, “Oh parle simplement taïwanais avec tes grand-parents. Il n’y a pas besoin de lire et écrire en taïwanais.

Ū-lâng kóng, » Ò͘, nā ē-hiaú iōng Tâi-gí kap A-kong, A-má, kóng-oē, án-ne tō-hó.

M̄-bián ē-hiáu tha̍k koh siá Tâi-oân-oē. »

Q: Combien d’entre vous sont Hoklo? Combien sont d’origine Hakka? Aborigènes ? Enfants ou petits enfants d’immigrants?

Chioh mn̄g chi̍t-ê: lín siáⁿ-lâng sī Hō-ló-lâng? Kheh-lâng? Goân-chū-bîn? Iah siáⁿ-lâng sī tē jī tāi lâi-ê Tâi-oân-lâng?

Góa sī tē it tāi lâi-ê.

Qu’importe la langue, Il est important de l’écrire.

Chit-má, choân sè-kài, múi-chi̍t-ê gí-giân lóng tio̍h-aì tòng iōng jī siá–chhut-lâi. Lâng nā bē-hiáu kā i ê gí-giân iōng jī siá–chhut-lâi, án-ni aū-lâi ē-hiáu kóng ê lâng ē lú-lâi-lú chió.

Q: Combien d’entre vous on vu le film , “Le seigneur des anneaux”?

Chia it-tēng ū lâng khòaⁿ-kòe chi̍t chhut tiān-iáⁿ kiò-chò 魔 戒 The Lord of the Rings?

Ū khòaⁿ-kòe ê lâng, chhiaⁿ lín giâ chhiú.

Q: Combien ont lu le livre?

Kuí ê ū khòaⁿkòe hit pún chheh?

Ce livre a été écrit par un professeur de université d’Oxford. Son nom est J.R.R. Tolkien

Gû-tin-Tāi-ha̍k-ê kàu-siū — i ê miâ kiò-chò J.R.R. Tolkien — só͘-siá-ê hit pún 魔 戒 The Lord of the Rings.

Il était professeur de littérature anglo-saxonne.

I sī Anglo-Saxon Bûn-ha̍k-hē ê kàu-siū.

La langue anglo-saxonne est le nom d’origine de la langue anglaise .

Anglo-saxon sī í-chêng goân-pún ê Eng-gí.

Si J.R.R. Tolkien était né en Taïwan, il serait devenu un professeur de littérature Taïwanaise.

Góa siūⁿ, nā J.R.R. Tolkien m̄-sī Eng-kok-lâng; i ê chó͘-kok nā-sī Tâi-oân, i it-tēng ē chò Tâi-oân-oē Bûn-ha̍k ê kàu-siū.

La langue anglaise et le taïwanais ont une histoire similaire.

Eng-gí ê le̍k-sú kap Tâi-gí-ê chin chhin-chhiūⁿ.

Le peuple commençait juste à écrire dans leur langue et à développer une culture et une littérature quand Guillaume le conquérant envahit l’Angleterre .

Tùi Kong-goân Lio̍k-Khòng-Khòng Nî kàu Kong-goân Chi̍t-chheng Nî, Eng-kok-lâng ū hoat-khí Eng-bûn ê bûn-ha̍k. Liáu-aū, It-Khòng-Lio̍k-Lio̍k Nî ê-sî, gōa-kok ê thóng-tī-chiá William the Conquerer lâi-kàu Eng-kok.

La nouvelle monarchie parlait le français .

Hit-ê thóng-tī-chiá, in kóng Hoat-kok-oē.

Petit à petit, la littérature anglaise disparut.

Í-aū lú-lâi-lú bô lâng siūⁿ boeh iōng Eng-bûn siá-jī.

Cela eut une influence négative sur la culture et transforma la langue. Quand l’anglais fut utilisé à nouveau , il avait changé.

Chit hāng tāi-chì hō͘ Eng-gí ū bô hó ê éng-hióng.

Il se passa la même chose en Taïwan.

Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú mā ū hoat-seng–kòe kāng-khoán ê tāi-chì.

Les Japonais vinrent en 1895. Ils forcèrent les Taïwanais à apprendre et utiliser le japonais à l’école durant 50 ans.

It-Pat-Kiú-Ngó͘ Nî ê-sî, Ji̍t-Pún-lâng lâi. Thóng-tī Tâi-oân gō͘-cha̍p nî, in kiông-pek Tâi-oân ê ha̍k-hāu kan-na ē-tàng iōng Ji̍t-pún-oē .

Ensuite vint la Republique de Chine (Chung Hwa Min Guo ) et tout le monde fut forcé à utiliser le chinois mandarin à l’école pendant plus de 50 ans.

Aū-lâi, Tiong-Hôa-Bîn-Kok lâi, koh gō͘-cha̍p nî bián-kióng Tâi-oân-lâng tī ha̍k-hāu kan-na ē-tàng iōng Hôa-gí .

Toutes les langues locales : taïwanais, hakka, et langues aborigènes furent supprimées.

In kìm-chí lâng iōng pún-thó͘-oē.

Cela affaiblit totalement la langue et la littérature taïwanaises.

Chit hāng tāi-chì m̄-nā kìm-chí Hō-ló-oē, Kheh-oē, kap múi chi̍t-cho̍k-ê goân-chū-bîn oē, mā hō͘ Tâi-oân ê gí-giân bûn-ha̍k kap bûn-hòa lú-lâi-lú jio̍k, lú-lâi-lú siau-sit-khì.

Le Professeur Tolkien écrivit des histoires pour restaurer la culture et la littérature anglo-saxones.

In-uī goân-pún ê Eng-kok bûn-hòa í-keng bô-khì, Eng-kok-ê hit-ê kàu-siū boeh hôe-ho̍k í-chêng ê Eng-kok bûn-hòa.

Só͘-í i siá 魔 戒 The Lord of the Rings hit pún chheh.

Même si Tolkien inventa des langues, la langue de la vidéo n’est pas son invention. c’est de l’anglo-saxon.

Sui-jiân Tolkien ka-tī chō sin-ê gí-giân, m̄-ku lán tú-tú thiaⁿ-ê m̄-sī i chō-ê. Hit-ê gí-giân sī Anglo-Saxon.

Tout l’enterrement illustre la culture anglo-saxonne. C’est merveilleux.

Lán khòaⁿ-tio̍h-ê sōng-lé, lâi-bin ū chin-chē Anglo-Saxon suí ê bûn-hòa.

Mais cette culture fut oubliée et l’on recommence a s’y intéresser seulement maintenant.

Chit-ê chiok suí ê bûn-hòa ū siau–sit-kòe. M̄-ku chòe-kīn koh khai-sí ū khòaⁿ-tio̍h.

Peut être pouvez vous avoir la même influence en Taïwan.

Lán chia khó-lêng ū chi̍t-koá ê lâng tùi Tâi-gí ē ū kāng-khoán ê éng-hióng.

Il est très important d’apprendre à lire et écrire le taïwanais.

Só͘-í nā ē-hiáu tha̍k koh siá Tâi-gí sī tùi lán aū-pái ū chin tōa-ê pang-chō͘, sī chin te̍k-pia̍t-ê.

Saviez vous que le taïwanais est une langue très littéraire?

Lín chai bô. Pún-lâi Tâi-gí sī chi̍t-ê ū bûn-ha̍k ê gí-giân.

Il est ironique que ce soit maintenant le langage parlé par les fermiers et les gens qui n’ont pas fait d’études.

Chim-á sóa piàn-chò sī bô tha̍k chheh, bô chuí-chún ê lâng, teh kóng-ê oē. Ū-iáⁿ thiⁿ chha tī tē. Chha chin-chē.

Savoir lire et écrire le taïwanais vous aidera à comprendre l’histoire de la langue et la culture.

Lán nā ū o̍h Tâi-gí àn-chóaⁿ siá, àn-chóaⁿ tha̍k, lán tō chai-iáⁿ hit jī sī àn-chóaⁿ lâi-ê, sī àn-chóaⁿ cho͘-sêng-ê.

L’histoire des langues Est-Asiatiques est très similaire à celle des langues Européenes.

Tang-A le̍k-sú kap Aū-chiu-ê chin chhin-chhiūⁿ.

Il y a plusieurs milliers d’années , l’empire Romain répandit le latin à travers l’Europe.

Nn̄g chheng nî-chêng, Lô-má tè-kok hō͘ La-teng-bûn tī Aū-chiu thôan-khoah (hoân-si̍t, seⁿ-thòaⁿ).

Ensuite, le latin se transforma en différentes langues telles l’italien,le français , l’espagnol ,etc.

Aū-lâi, La-teng-bûn hoat-tián piàn-chò chi̍t-kóa bô kāng-khoán ê gí-giân. Chhin-chhiūⁿ: Ì-tāi-lī-oē, Hoat-kok-oē, Se-pan-gâ-oē.

mais même avant 1700, les gens écrivaient toujours en latin meme s’ils parlaient une langue différente.

M̄-ku kàu It-Chhit-Khòng-Khòng Nî, lâng liân kóng pa̍t-ê gí-giân iā iáu iōng La-teng-bûn siá-jī.

Même d’autres langues (non-latines) comme l’anglais possèdent beaucoup de mots latins.

Sui-jiân Eng-gí m̄-sī tùi La-teng-bûn lâi-ê gí-giân, m̄-ku mā ū chin-chē jī sī tùi La-teng-bûn lâi-ê.

L’empire chinois s’étendit en Asie de l’Est.

Sio̍k Tang A-chiu Hàn-jîn-ê Tè-kok mā ū kāng-khóan ê éng-hióng.

En Asie de l’Est, le chinois classique se transforma en plusieurs langues distinctes telles le cantonais, le hakka et le min-nan.

Tī Tang A-chiu, bûn-giân-bûn hoat-tián piàn-chò chi̍t-kóa bô kāng-khoán ê gí-giân. Phì-jū-kóng: Kńg-tang-oē, Kheh-oē, kap Bân-lâm-oē.

Mais les gens écrivaient principalement en chinois classique.

M̄-ku, tōa-pō͘-hūn ē-tàng kā jī siá–chhut-lâi-ê lóng sī bûn-giân-jī.

Et aussi, beaucoup de mot du chinois classique furent empruntés par des langues non-chinoises comme le coréen.

Pa̍t-ê gí-giân, chhin-chhiūⁿ Hân-kok-oē, mā ū iōng chin-chē bûn-giân-jī.

Je suis né en Corée et je parle un peu le coréen.

Góa sī tī Hân-kok chhut-sì–ê. Góa ē-hiáu kóng chi̍t-sut-á Hân-kok-oē.

En arrivant en Taïwan , je fus très surpris d’entendre plusieurs mots qui ressemblaient à du coréen.

Chin chhú-pi, góa lâi Tâi-oân ê-sî, góa thiaⁿ-kòe chin-chē chin sêng Hân-kok-oē ê Tâi-oân-oē.

Le coréen et le taïwanais ont conservé les sons des consonnes et des voyelles du chinois classique. Ces sons n’existent plus en mandarin.

Hân-kok-oē kap Tâi-oân-oē iáu ū bûn-giân goân-pún ê chú-im kap bó-im ê hoat-im. M̄-ku hôa-gí í-keng bô hit ê siaⁿ. Chim-á ê Tiong-bûn kap bûn-giân-bûn í-keng bô kāng-khoán–a.

Les Coréens ont aussi concervé l’usage des caracteres du chinois classique. Les Taïwanais aussi. mais le mandarin lui, s’est transformé.

Hân-kok-oē kap Tâi-oân-oē iōng ê Hàn-jī sī guân-pún iōng ē Hàn-jī. Chim-á ê Tiong-bûn iōng-ê Hàn-jī chin-chē sī sin-chō-ê.

Lán só͘ kóng-ê chiah-ê gí-giân sī Tâi-bûn siōng-kīn kó͘-bûn.

Si vous lisez les poèmes de la dynastie Tang , vous vous rendrez compte que souvent les rymes sont meilleures en taïwanais que si vous lisez en mandarin. Les tons et les structures aussi y sont meilleures en taïwanais qu’en mandarin.

Lán nā iōng Tâi-gí tha̍k Tông-si, lán ē khah chheng-chhó thiaⁿ-tio̍h pêⁿ-im, tāng-im kap ūn ê kiàn-chō (kò͘-chō). Ū-sî-chun iōng Hôa-gí tha̍k, ūn ê kiàn͘-chō mā chheng-chhó, m̄-ku pêⁿ-im, tāng-im tō bô it-têng.

Le mandarin a 4 tons, le taïwanais en a 7. le mandarin en a perdu.

In-ūi Hôa-gí ê im-tiāu (koân-kē-im) chī ū sì-im. Tâi-gí ê im-tiāu ū chhit-im.

Le taïwanais a deux sortes de prononciation des caractères , littéraire ou normale.

Nā bòeh tha̍k Hàn-jī, Tâi-gí ū nn̄g khoán ê hoat-im tō-sī jī-im kap pe̍h-oē-im.

Et si vous savez écrire le taïwanais avec les caractères chinois vous découvrirez une belle et grande richesse culturelle.

Lán nā ē-hiáu iōng Hàn-jī siá Tâi-gí, lán ē-táng chai khah-chē bûn-hòa ê suí.

la romanisation (Lô-má-jī ) :

Q: Combien d’entre vous peuvent écrire en POJ?

Lán chia ū kúi-ê lâng ē-hiáu siá Tâi-gí iōng ê pe̍h-oē-jī?

C’est très bien si vous pouvez apprendre et utiliser la romanisation du taïwanais.

Nā lán o̍h àn-chóaⁿ iōng pe̍h-oē-jī siá Tâi-gí ū chi̍t-kóa chin hó ê chú-tê.

1. La romanisation montre les structures linguistiques propres à la langue taïwanaise qu’on ne peut voir avec les caractères.

1. Nā iōng Hàn-jī siá Tâi-gí, lán khòaⁿ–bē-chhut-lâi i ê gí-giân kiàn-chō (kò͘-chō). Nā iōng pe̍h-oē-jī lán ē-tàng chai-iáⁿ (chin chheng-chhó).

Je suis sur qu’il existe beaucoup d’autres relations structurelles en taïwanais et j’espère que votre classe va en decouvrir.

2. Même si le MOE (ministère de l’éducation) a crée un BoPoMoFo pour le taïwanais, cela aide seulement à prononcer les caractères mais n’est pas destine à l’écriture. Le système de romanisation est indépendant des caractères.

2. Lán ē-tàng bé Tâi-gí pe̍h-oē-jī ê chheh.

3. Comme en anglais, en taïwanais il y a de multiples contractions

3. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Eng-gí, chin-chē Tâi-gí jī ū nn̄g-ê-siaⁿ ha̍p-chò chi̍t-ê siaⁿ kóng.

les caractères chinois sont incapables de les exprimer.

Iōng Hàn-jī bô hoat-tō͘ siá hit hāng tāi-chì.

e.g. hō͘-lâng = hông niā-niā = niâ sì-cha̍p = sia̍p

Vous pouvez créer un projet en classe pour compiler toutes les contractions communes.

4. Utiliser les caracteres va souvent nous faire écrire le taïwanais de manière incorrecte parce nous sommes habitués aux mots en mandarin.

4. In-ūi ta̍k-ê í-keng si̍p-koàn iōng Hàn-jī siá Hôa-gí. Só͘-í lán khòaⁿ Hàn-jī kóng Tâi-gí ê-sî tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kóng m̄-tio̍h.

5. La romanisation peut nous aider à comparer les accents régionaux. Les caracteres chinois ne peuvent pas nous aider à comparer les accents

Donc la Romanisation aide à la recherche et à la compréhension de la culture.

Mes beaux-parents sont d’ I-Lan, où les gens disent « chia̍h-puiⁿ » au lieu de » chia̍h-png. » et » mûiⁿ » au lieu de » mn̂g. »

6. Vous pouvez saisir la romanisation sur internet. J’ai un site qui montre comment saisir les tons.

Mais il y a une chose que vous ne devez pas oublier à propos de la romanisation.

Si vous savez prononcer la romanisation du taïwanais, vous savez que la prononciation de l’anglais est différente. L’anglais n’a pas un son consistant pour chaque lettre. Le système de romanisation taïwanais a son consistant pour chaque lettre.

Siá Tâi-gí iōng pe̍h-oē-jī ū chi̍t-ê ài kì-tit: Pe̍h-oē-jī ê hoat-im kap Eng-gí ê Lô-má-jī ê hoat-im bô kāng-khóan.

Alors j’ai développé une écriture phonétique basée sur celle de J.R.R. Tolkien qui exprime plus correctement la relation entre les différents sons.

Só͘-í, goá ū iōng ê sin-jī sī tùi J.R.R. Tolkien chō-ê sin-jī lâi-ê.

Chaque son correspond parfaitement.

Só͘-ū tùi Tolkien lâi-ê jī kan-na ū chi̍t-ê hoat-im niā-niā.

Et vous, qu’allez vous faire?

Chim-á, lín ū siūⁿ boeh chhòng-siàⁿ?

– Vous pouvez restaurer la culture et les langues de la Taïwan.

– Commencer à écrire en taïwanais.

– soumettre des articles à la version taïwanaise de wikipedia.

– Écrire des histoires concernant la culture taïwanaise comme Tolkien le fit pour la culture anglaise.